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Pain Management of Pathophysiology

Visceral pain is stimulated by expanding and muscular contraction. Visceral pain is frequently depicted as generalized aching or squeezing. Sometimes visceral pain may radiate to other areas in the body, causing it hard to pinpoint location. Upper abdominal pain is induced by foregut structures (stomach, duodenum, liver, and pancreas). Periumbilical pain is caused due to Midgut structures (small bowel, proximal colon, and appendix). While lower abdominal pain is caused due to Hindgut structures (distal colon and GU tract). World Congress of Pain propose that the use of oxycodone, an established, modern synthetic opioid, a morphine like compound, may be more beneficial at handling visceral pain than morphine itself. The results, consistent with clinical experience, show for the first time significant differences between oxycodone and morphine in the treatment of visceral pain, proposing that the compound may be used for this type of pain. Today's paineurope newswire provides a...

Extreme Fat Loss Techniques

It does seem that bodybuilders have learned the best secret of developing extreme fat loss. In the bodybuilding books and magazines we often see pictures of hulking men who look as if they’ve been hand sculpted from granite. They look so impressive, it makes you wonder what the secret to staying in such great shape really is? Well, the most important secret is to actually take action on what many of us already know. We all constantly hear what we should be doing to control weight, but many of us don’t put that knowledge into action properly. Losing body fat is achieved with a balance of the correct exercise, for the individual body type, and with sensible, gradual nutrition. As you probably already know sensible nutrition means selecting foods that are healthy, natural and nutritious. Selecting foods that are generally low in calories and refined sugar, and also low in sodium. Part of the secret to fat loss, is to introduce this sensible nutrition in a gradual process, rather tha...

Abdominal pain - symtoms treatment

Abdominal pain is common and often handled as unimportant. Acute and harsh abdominal ache, though, is almost invariably an indication of intra-abdominal illness. It may be the only indication of the requirement for surgery. Gangrene and puncture of the bowel can happen less than 6 hours from start of symptoms in several situations (stoppage of the intestinal blood supply from a choking obstacle or an arterial embolus). Abdominal pain is of particular concerning in very young or very old patients and who have HIV infection or taking immuno-suppressants. Abdominal pain is common and frequently unimportant. Acute and harsh abdominal ache, though, is almost always an indication of intra-abdominal illness. It may be the only indicator of the necessity for surgery. Gangrene and perforation of the gut can happen less than 6 hours from start of symptoms in several situations (stoppage of the intestinal blood supply from a choking obstacle or an arterial embolus). Abdominal pain is of special ...
Abdominal pain is common and often inconsequential. Acute and severe abdominal pain, however, is almost always a symptom of intra-abdominal disease. It may be the sole indicator of the need for surgery and must be attended to swiftly: Gangrene and perforation of the gut can occur < 6 h from onset of symptoms in certain conditions (eg, interruption of the intestinal blood supply from a strangulating obstruction or an arterial embolus). Abdominal pain is of particular concern in patients who are very young or very old and those who have HIV infection or are taking immunosuppressants. Textbook descriptions of abdominal pain have limitations because people react to pain differently. Some, particularly elderly people, are stoic, whereas others exaggerate their symptoms. Infants, young children, and some elderly people may have difficulty localizing the pain. Pathophysiology Visceral pain comes from the abdominal viscera, which are innervated by autonomic nerve fibers and respon...

Treatment Diarrhea Bowel Movement Disorders

If diarrhea develops while taking a certain drug, the diarrhea may be cured if the drug can be discontinued or replaced with another drug. If diarrhea is caused by a viral infection, it generally resolves by itself in 24 to 48 hours. Diarrhea caused by a bacterial infection may resolve by itself, but sometimes it requires treatment with an antibiotic. Diarrhea caused by a parasitic infection is treated with antiparasitic drugs. Many prescription and nonprescription drugs are available for the treatment of diarrhea. Nonprescription drugs include adsorbents (for example, kaolin-pectin), which adhere to chemicals, toxins, and some infectious organisms. Some adsorbents can also help firm up the stool. Bismuth helps many people with diarrhea. One side effect of bismuth is that it turns the stool black. Another nonprescription drug used is loperamide. Prescription drugs used to treat diarrhea include opioids, codeine, and diphenoxylate. Bulking agents used for chronic constipation, such as...

New ORS Save Millions of Lives

A new formula Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), released by the World Health Organization (WHO), will save millions of lives and reduce the severity of illness of those suffering from acute diarrhea. ORS is a sodium and glucose solution that is widely used to treat children with acute diarrhea, a serious killer of children under five worldwide. The new formula ORS will reduce the severity of diarrhea and vomiting, the number of hospitalizations, the need for costly intravenous (IV) fluid treatment and the length of illness. The use of ORS is responsible for saving the lives of millions of children worldwide. This inexpensive and readily available intervention reduces death and suffering from dehydration caused by diarrhea. Since WHO adopted ORS in 1978 as its primary tool to fight diarrhea, the mortality rate for children suffering from acute diarrhea has fallen from 5 million to 1.3 million deaths annually. The new improved formula is the result of extensive research sponsored by WHO...

Gerakan usus kuning di Diare

Warna normal buang air besar adalah setiap warna cokelat (biasanya cokelat muda), atau cokelat / hijau. Ketika kuning / pucat bangku muncul, dan tidak ada alasan yang jelas karena makanan yang dikonsumsi, mungkin ada orang dari kelainan berikut: Diare: Diare adalah alasan yang paling umum dalam mengubah warna tinja. Perbedaan utama diare dan normal dalam proses pencernaan pada diare adalah bahwa makanan melewati usus sehingga usus bakteri cepat sehingga tidak punya cukup waktu untuk mengubah bilirubin ke bangku stercobilin yang menghadirkan normal itu berwarna coklat. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) juga merupakan penyakit di mana makanan cepat melewati usus dengan proses pencernaan. Cholestasis: Dalam penyakit ini aliran empedu dari hati ke usus berkurang atau berhenti. Karena kurangnya empedu, tinja berwarna terang. Partikel makanan tercerna boleh keluar di bangku. Dalam cholestasis, bilirubin, dan garam empedu dapat melakukan perjalanan ke dalam darah, kulit dan air seni...