New norovirus variant causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and Epidemic in Europe

Cases of norovirus gastroenteritis reportedly increase in hospitals of UK and Ireland and cruise ships in the USA raised new hazard of outbreak. In a recent study, data was collected in ten European countries (England and Wales were analyzed as one region) through a collaborative research and surveillance network of viral gastroenteritis, regarding total number of outbreaks by month, and compared genetic sequences from the isolated viruses. The historic data were compared from a systematic retrospective review of surveillance systems and with a central database of viral sequences.

Data from ten European countries demonstrate a striking increase and unusual seasonal pattern of norovirus gastroenteritis in 2002 that occurred concurrently with the emergence of a novel genetic variant. Additionally displaying the added value of an international network for viral gastroenteritis outbreaks, these observations raise questions about the biological properties of the variant and the mechanisms for its rapid dissemination.

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شیخ علی بن عثمان الہجویریؒ اور ان کی کتاب کشف المحجوب پر ایک نظر ڈاکٹر رئیس احمد نعمانی ابتدائیہ علامہ اقبالؒ نے اپنی مثنوی 'اسرار خودی' میں ایک عنوان اس طرح لکھا ہے: ''حکایت نوجوانی از مرو کہ پیش حضرت سید مخدوم ہجویری رحمۃ اللہ علیہ آمدہ ازستم اعوا فریاد کرد'' اس عنوان کے تحت انہیں نے جو کہانی نظم کی ہے، اس کی تمہید میں یہ ابیات بھی لکھے ہیں : سیّد ہجویر مخدوم امم مرقد او پیر سنجر ۱؎ را حرم بندھاری کوھسار آسان گسخت در زمین ھند تخم سجدہ ریخت عہد فاروق از جمالش ۲؎ تازہ شد حق ز حرف اور بلند آوازہ شد پاسبان عترت امّ الکتاب از نگاھش خانۂ باطل خراب خاکِ پنجاب از دم اوزندہ گشت صبح ما از مہر اوتابندہ گشت۳؎ مثنوی کے ان ابیات میں 'مخدوم امم' کہنا اور شیخ ہجویری کے قیام لاہور کے زمانے کو عہد فاروق اعظمؓ کا مماثل قرار دینا، خلافِ واقعہ سہی، تاہم ان پانچ بیتوں میں ، پانچویں صدی ہجری کے معروف بزرگ شیخ علی بن عثمان ہجویریؒ کے بلند روحانی مرتبے، دشوار گزار راہوں سے گزر کر ہندوستان آنے، یہاں آ کر عبادتِ ال...

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