Causes of Acute Diarrhea

Definition of Acute Diarrhea

Diarrhea means having over three loose bowel movements a day.

Acute (Latin acutus = sharp, pointed) diarrhea, by definition, lasts less than 3 weeks (1).

Causes of Acute Diarrhea

A) Acute INFECTIOUS Diarrhea

Bacterial diarrhea usually occurs in food poisoningdue to infection with bacteria like E. coli or salmonella.
Parasitic diarrhea may be due to intestinal worms, or one-cell parasiteslike Entamoeba hystolytica, or giardia.
Viral diarrhea mainly affect small children in kinder-gartens due to stool-to-mouth infection from other children, or (in poor countries) due to infection by water, contaminated by rotavirus.

B) Acute NON-INFECTIOUS Diarrhea

Food allergies may affect children or adults. Main causes are wheat, eggs, cow milk, soy, fish, shellfish, peanuts, and tree-nuts, but can be virtually any food.
Fish poisoning. Both ciguatera poisoning by big tropical fish like barracuda or meckerel, and scombroid poisoning by non-properly stored fish are common.
Psychic stress may cause sudden diarrhea.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea may appear few days or several weeks after start of treatment with antibiotics by mouth.
Medications like laxatives or magnesium antacids stimulate bowel motility.
Chemotherapy and irradiation damage cells in intestinal lining.
Mushrooms (even non-poisonous), and poisonous plants like foxglove or oleander may cause severe diarrhea.
Pesticides, ingested or inhaled may cause severe diarrhea.
Ingestion of heavy metals like arsenic or mercury may cause severe diarrhea.
Runner's diarrhea often affects long-distance runners.
Diarrhea may appear in women before child-birth.

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